The term "spam", in the context of what you see in your search
results, refers to any unethical practice used to improve a page's
ranking in search engine results. Exactly what is considered spam by
search engines?
How search engines see it
- Google
defines spam as "trying to deceive our web crawler by means of hidden
text, deceptive cloaking or doorway pages." You can report sites you
suspect of spam at Google's Report A Spam Result page.
- Yahoo
defines spam as "pages (that) are created deliberately to trick the
search engine into offering inappropriate, redundant or poor-quality
search results." They have a pretty extensive list of what techniques
they consider spam at their Yahoo Search Technology Content Quality Guidelines page.
- Bing
gives a few spamming techniques "discouraged" by their webmaster
guidelines; among them are keyword stuffing, invisible text, or false
links.
- Ask
defines spam as "the practice of purposely deceiving a search engine
into returning a result that is unrelated to a user’s query, or that is
ranked artificially high in the result set." They give quite a few
examples of search engine spam.
While not an exhaustive list of search engines, this should give you a good idea of what is considered spam by search engines.